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LEGISLATIVE  RESOLUTION commemorating the 191st Anniversary of the Inde-
pendence of Peru on July 28, 2012

WHEREAS, The history of the Peruvian people dates back to  as  early  as
10,000  BC  and the oldest complex civilization, Norte Chico, flourished
along the coast of the Pacific between 3000 and 1800 BC; and
  WHEREAS, Later cultures emerged including the Cipisnique, Chimu, Wari,
Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca as well as the Incas  who  in  the  15th
Century formed the most powerful empire in Pre-Columbian America; and
  WHEREAS, Peru, a Spanish Viceroyalty since 1535, was notably exploited
for its rich mineral deposits and guano used for fertilizers; and
  WHEREAS,  By  the  early 19th Century, most South American territories
were swept by wars of independence, while the powerful colonial  govern-
ment  of  the  Viceroyalty  of  Peru remained loyal to Spain, only to be
challenged by the military campaigns for independence led by Jose de San
Martin and later, Simon Bolivar; and
  WHEREAS, The revolutionary army led by San  Martin  was  much  smaller
than  that of royalist forces, so a direct attack on the Spanish was not
a prudent move; and
  WHEREAS, The revolution strategy  consisted  of  the  Peruvian  people
conducting the uprisings themselves while the revolutionary forces began
to organize a new Peruvian government; and
  WHEREAS,  On  February  21,  1821,  Jose de San Martin promulgated the
Provisional Rules, a set of legal guarantees for Peruvian citizens; and
  WHEREAS, On July 28, 1821, the army led by San Martin took  over  Lima
and  independence  from Spain was finally proclaimed; the new Peru named
San Martin their "Protector" and their ruler; and
  WHEREAS, On July 26, 1822, San Martin met with Simon Bolivar at Guaya-
quil to plan the future of Latin America; and
  WHEREAS, The separation from Spain culminated in 1824  resulting  from
the Battles on Junin and Ayachcho; and
  WHEREAS, Many Peruvians have made New York their home, and this Legis-
lative  Body  is  justly  proud  to  thank the Peruvian people for their
contributions to this great Empire State; now, therefore, be it
  RESOLVED, That this Legislative Body pause  in  its  deliberations  to
commemorate  the  191st  Anniversary of the Independence of Peru on July
28, 2012; and be it further
  RESOLVED, That copies of this Resolution, suitably engrossed, be tran-
smitted to Ambassador Jose Augusto Tenorio Benavides, Consul General  of
Peru in New York, and the various Peruvian organizations in the State of
New York.